Van Bommel was shown the door on Sunday, following an eight-match winless run in all competitions.
Frontzeck, 57, steps up from his role as assistant to Van Bommel until further notice, with Wolfsburg ninth in the Bundesliga, bottom of their UEFA Champions League group and out of the DFB Cup.
Vincent Heilmann stays on as Frontzeck's assistant, but Kevin Hofland and Alex Abresh have been let go.
Frontzeck was most recently in charge of Kaiserslautern in Germany's Third Division (February-December 2018. The former Germany left-back previously coached Hannover, St. Pauli, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Arminia Bielefeld and Alemannia Aachen.
Wolfsburg's upcoming trip to Bayer Leverkusen will mark his first in a Bundesliga dugout since 19 December 2015. His top-flight record as a coach reads: W35, D46, L78.