Vincent Kompany's side initially secured promotion to the Premier League at the first time of asking when they posted a 2-1 victory at Middlesbrough on April 7.
Since then, the Clarets have struggled to get their hands on the second-tier crown, putting together a three-game winless streak ahead of the short trip to Ewood Park.
However, Burnley finally earned the moment that their season deserved on Tuesday night as Manuel Benson scored the only goal of the game.
Burnley now sit 13 points clear of Sheffield United, who will join their long-term title rivals in the top flight if they beat West Bromwich Albion on Wednesday.
The win and promotion were sealed in some fashion by winger Benson, who had only been introduced as a substitute eight minutes before he netted one of Burnley's goals of the season.
The Belgian playmaker cut inside onto his left foot and curled a sensational effort into the far corner from 25 yards out for his 10th strike of the campaign, as well as his third in as many matches.
While Blackburn pushed for an equaliser, Jon Dahl Tomasson's side could not make the breakthrough and remain outside of the playoff spots on goal difference.
Rovers will be further off the pace when they next take to the pitch with their next encounter against Luton Town not taking place until May 1, after all of their rivals have played at least once.