The 23-year-old becomes Leeds' sixth signing of the summer following their relegation from their Premier League, and their second loan signing from Spurs after Joe Rodon also joined on a season-long deal.
The Whites have also brought in Joel Piroe, Ethan Ampadu, Karl Darlow and Sam Byram for their return to the Championship this term.
Spence could make his debut for Leeds when they host Yorkshire rivals Sheffield Wednesday at Elland Road in the Championship on Saturday.
The full-back joined Tottenham from Middlesbrough last summer following an eye-catching season on loan at Nottingham Forest, which saw him help Steve Cooper's side to win promotion via the playoffs.
Spence was named in the EFL and PFA Championship Team of the Year for his performances in 2021-22, but he struggled to nail down a regular spot following his move to Spurs.
The defender made only six appearances during the first half of last season, before being sent on loan to Ligue 1 side Rennes for the second half of the campaign.
Spence made 10 appearances for Rennes across all competitions as they finished fourth in the French top flight, but he was again deemed surplus to requirements upon his return to North London despite Ange Postecoglou's arrival as the new Tottenham manager.
More to follow.