The 23-year-old had to be replaced in the latter stages of his country's World Cup quarter-final with Morocco on December 10.
Dalot was back at the club's Carrington training complex towards the end of last week to assess the problem, and Ten Hag has revealed that the issue has ruled the right-back out of Wednesday's EFL Cup clash with Burnley.
As a result, Aaron Wan-Bissaka is given a rare start at right-back despite suggestions that he will be on the move during the January transfer window.
Club captain Harry Maguire has also been ruled out of the League Cup fixture due to illness.
'[Diogo] Dalot had some complaints, he felt them during his last game with Portugal and Harry unfortunately is ill," Ten Hag told MUTV.
The 20-time English champions have selection problems in the middle of their defence, as both Lisandro Martinez and Raphael Varane are absent following their involvement in the World Cup final.
As a result, Casemiro will play at centre-back alongside Victor Lindelof against Burnley.
"Rapha [Raphael Varane] and Licha [Lisandro Martinez] were involved in the World Cup final," added Ten Hag.
"We picked Casemiro [there] as he has played more often there, but also Luke [Shaw] has also [offered] to play there too which is really good.
"They are all committed and they want to play, they are hungry and I like that. Also, last week, Rhys Bennett played against Everton [behind closed doors] and he did really well, so we have options there, but tonight Casemiro will play there."
Man United have five players in their starting XI that were involved at the World Cup, with Marcus Rashford, Christian Eriksen, Tyrell Malacia and Bruno Fernandes joining Casemiro in the side.
Meanwhile, Luke Shaw, Fred, Facundo Pellistri and Antony are among the substitutes for the home side.
The 20-time English champions will be back in Premier League action against Nottingham Forest on December 27 before finishing the year away to Wolverhampton Wanderers.
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