The former has been a crucial part of England's success in Qatar so far, but the latter has remained at home after Norway failed to qualify for the tournament.
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The duo spent two seasons together at Borussia Dortmund before Haaland departed for Manchester City last summer.
Despite them no longer playing together Bellingham is still in contact with the striker, who has sent him messages of support during the World Cup.
Speaking to BBC Sport, the England midfielder said: "Yeah we speak every now and then to be fair.
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"Normally when we're both playing it's more often but it's normally silly stuff to be honest, just if he sees something that makes him laugh, or I see something that we've talked about before we'll send it to each other.
"But it's never like everyday, checking up on each other you know."
He added: "He's always really encouraging to be fair. He messaged me after the first game and before the first game just saying 'good luck', and then he said 'well done' so yeah, he's a top guy."
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There is a chance that Bellingham and Haaland could be reunited in the coming months, with City showing interest in signing the youngster next summer.
They will face competition from Champions League holders Real Madrid and Liverpool, who are one of the favourites to sign him.
Reds boss Jurgen Klopp is said to be pushing for a move for the midfielder, and the player himself would be open to a transfer to the Premier League giants.
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