Los Blancos are now on 33 points from 14 matches, just one point behind Barcelona in the La Liga table, and Carlo Ancelotti's also crucially have a game in hand on their Clasico rivals.
Getafe, meanwhile, sit 17th in the division, with the capital side level on points with 18th-placed Espanyol.
The breakthrough arrived in the 30th minute of the contest, with Jude Bellingham scoring from the penalty spot after Antonio Rudiger had been brought to the ground by Allan Nyom inside the box.
Bellingham was then the provider in the 38th minute, with the Englishman releasing Kylian Mbappe, and the Frenchman found the back of the net via the inside the post to score his 10th goal of the campaign in all competitions.
Mbappe missed a penalty against Liverpool in the Champions League last week, and there has been a lot of criticism of the attacker's performances this term, but he was back among the goals in the comfortable Real Madrid success.
It was a routine victory for Ancelotti's side, with Getafe, who struck the woodwork late on through John Patrick, only having 31% of the possession at Bernabeu, and the fact that Real Madrid also kept a clean sheet will be viewed as a huge positive after a difficult week in Europe.
REAL MADRID VS. GETAFE HIGHLIGHTS
Jude Bellingham goal vs. Getafe (30th min, Real Madrid 1-0 Getafe)
Bellingham makes the breakthrough from the penalty spot in the 30th minute, with the Englishman rolling his effort down the middle; Nyom had brought Rudiger to the ground with a clumsy foul, and Bellingham scored his spot kick to make it 1-0.
Kylian Mbappe goal vs. Getafe (38th min, Real Madrid 2-0 Getafe)
Real Madrid double their lead in the 38th minute of the contest through Mbappe, who finds the back of the net off the post after being released by Bellingham, with Getafe now having a long way back in this clash at Bernabeu.
MAN OF THE MATCH - JUDE BELLINGHAM
Bellingham was replaced at the interval of the clash, allegedly due to a collision in the first half, but he did enough in the first period of the contest to secure the man-of-the-match award, having played a vital role in Real Madrid securing all three points.
The Englishman made the breakthrough from the penalty spot in the 30th minute before setting up Mbappe for 2-0 eight minutes later, while he finished with a pass success rate of 92% during an excellent display in the Spanish capital.
REAL MADRID VS. GETAFE MATCH STATS
Possession: Real Madrid 69%-31% Getafe
Shots: Real Madrid 13-8 Getafe
Shots on target: Real Madrid 4-3 Getafe
Corners: Real Madrid 5-3 Getafe
Fouls: Real Madrid 7-26 Getafe
BEST STATS
WHAT NEXT?
Real Madrid will be bidding to make it four straight wins in the league when they head to Athletic Bilbao on Wednesday night, before travelling to Girona next weekend ahead of a huge Champions League clash with Atalanta BC in Italy.
Getafe, meanwhile, will be aiming to return to winning ways when they travel to Orihuela in the second round of the Copa del Rey on Thursday night, before welcoming Espanyol in La Liga on December 9.