Nelson has made 13 competitive appearances since arriving on loan from Arsenal in the summer, contributing two goals and one assist.
The winger started five consecutive Premier League matches before Fulham played out a 1-1 draw with Arsenal last weekend.
Nelson was ineligible to face his parent club, but he would have missed the game anyway after he picked up a hamstring problem in a 3-1 win over Brighton & Hove Albion earlier this month.
Silva reveals extent of Nelson's injury
Silva has now revealed that Nelson faces a significant spell on the sidelines, with the 25-year-old likely to be out of action until the end of February.
The Fulham manager also confirmed that Joachim Andersen and Harrison Reed remain sidelined when he spoke to the media ahead of Saturday's clash with Liverpool.
"Joachim and Harrison Reed, plus Reiss Nelson, are out," Silva told reporters at Thursday's pre-match press conference.
"It is difficult to have precise timings on this situation. Joa is the closest one to coming [back]. 100% not this week.
"Harrison Reed we have to see, step by step. Reiss Nelson is going to be longer. Probably around 10 weeks, he'll be out."
Will Andersen be ready for Southampton clash?
Reed will be out of action until 2025, while Silva is unsure whether Andersen will recover in time to play against Southampton on December 22.
"Let's see," Silva added. "He's already on the pitch working - not with the team yet. I said that he's going to be the closest one.
"I don't know if it will be for Southampton or the other games, but I really believe that before the end of the month, he's going to be able to play."
The Cottagers will travel to Anfield in 10th position after winning six, drawing five and losing four of their 15 top-flight games this season.
Having lost just one of their previous seven league matches (W3, D3), Fulham will look to continue their impressive run of form when they take on the league leaders on Saturday.
Written by
Ben Sully