John McGinn opened the scoring in the 55th minute after he curled a free kick into the penalty are from near the touchline on right of the pitch, but his cross missed everyone in the box and instead bounced into the far corner.
Villa doubled their lead in the 64th minute thanks to Jhon Duran, who managed to evade his marker in the penalty area and flick on Morgan Rogers's delivery across the face of goal and into the far corner.
The result leaves the host in first place with nine points in the league table of Europe's premier competition, three points ahead of the likes of Real Madrid.
Meanwhile, Bologna remain on one point in 28th place, though they are only two points from a round of 16 playoff spot with five games left to play.
Villa had the better of the first half, and could have taken the lead through McGinn, who tried to guide the ball into the bottom-right corner from just inside box in the 24th minute.
Whether McGinn meant to score from his free kick is debateable, but the Scotsman will not care considering his strike opened the game up and lifted the tension around Villa Park.
Duran continued his hot streak in front of goal, netting his seventh goal for hosts this season with his final touch of the ball before being substituted, though he will have to thank Rogers for an excellent pass into the penalty area.
ASTON VILLA VS. BOLOGNA HIGHLIGHTS
John McGinn goal vs. Bologna (55th min, Aston Villa 1-0 Bologna)
Jhon Duran goal vs. Bologna (64th min, Aston Villa 2-0 Bologna)
MAN OF THE MATCH - JHON DURAN
Jhon Duran might have only started twice for Aston Villa this season, but his performances this term and on Tuesday night will no doubt worry Ollie Watkins.
The Colombian pounced in the box for his goal in the 64th minute, showcasing his ability as a poacher in the final third and perhaps staking his claim for a starting spot.
Duran produced five shots, won three of his five aerial duels and managed to get two of his shots on target, the joint most of any player on the pitch.
ASTON VILLA VS. BOLOGNA MATCH STATS
Possession: Aston Villa 53%-47% Bologna
Shots: Aston Villa 16-12 Bologna
Shots on target: Aston Villa 6-4 Bologna
Corners: Aston Villa 5-4 Bologna
Fouls: Aston Villa 13-9 Bologna
BEST STATS
WHAT NEXT?
Aston Villa are set to host Bournemouth on Saturday, and will play their next match in the Champions League on November 6 against Club Brugge.
As for Bologna, they will welcome AC Milan on Saturday and look to win for just the second time in nine Serie A matches, and will face Monaco in their next Champions League game on November 5.