The two-time world champions are required to claim all three points to leapfrog the Poles at the summit of their group, while a draw could be enough to qualify if Saudi Arabia fail to beat Mexico.
Scaloni has decided to make two changes to his back four, with centre-back Cristian Romero and right-back Nahuel Molina brought in at the expense of Lisandro Martinez and Gonzalo Montiel respectively. Nicolas Otamendi and Marcos Acuna, meanwhile, retain their places in defence.
After scoring as a second-half substitute in the 2-0 win over Mexico last time out, 21-year-old midfielder Enzo Fernandez is handed his first start in Qatar this evening alongside Rodrigo De Paul and Alexis Mac Allister, with Guido Rodriguez dropping to the bench.
In attack, Manchester City's Julian Alvarez has been selected to start as the central striker, operating between captain Lionel Messi and Angel di Maria, while Inter Milan's Lautaro Martinez will begin on the bench.
As for Poland, Czeslaw Michniewicz has made only one change to his starting lineup following their 2-0 victory over Saudi Arabia, with Charlotte FC forward Karol Swiderski coming in for Juventus loanee Arkadiusz Milik.
Swiderski will provide support in attack for star striker Robert Lewandowski, who scored his first World Cup goal in the win over Saudi Arabia.
Napoli's Piotr Zielinski was also on target last time out, and he will be joined in centre-midfield by Grzegorz Krychowiak and Krystian Bielik, while Matty Cash and Przemyslaw Frankowski will operate as wing-backs.
Goalkeeper Wojciech Szczesny, who saved a first-half penalty against Saudi Arabia, will be protected by a back three of Kamil Glik, Jakub Kiwior and Bartosz Bereszynski.
Argentina starting lineup: E. Martinez; Molina, Romero, Otamendi, Acuna; De Paul, Fernandez, Mac Allister; Messi, Alvarez, Di Maria
Subs: Armini, Rulli, Foyth, Tagliafico, Paredes, Pezzella, La. Martinez, Li. Martinez, Palacios, Correa, Almada, Gomez, Dybala, G. Rodriguez, Montiel
Poland starting lineup: Szczesny; Bereszynski, Kiwior, Glik; Cash, Zielinski, Krychowiak, Bielik, Frankowski; Swiderski, Lewandowski
Subs: Skorupski, Grabara, Jedrzejczyk, Wieteska, Bednarek, Szymanski, Grosicki, Kaminski, Zurkowski, Milik, Szymanski, Zalewski, Piatek, Gumny, Skoras