Elche and Espanyol's relegation had been confirmed ahead of the final set of fixtures, but six teams were in danger of dropping into the Segunda Division on Sunday night.
Real Valladolid started the evening in 18th position in the table, though, and they were unable to escape that spot despite picking up a point in a goalless draw with Getafe, who have finished 14th.
Almeria were actually in the relegation zone when they trailed 3-2 to Espanyol, but Adri Embarba's 88th-minute penalty secured a share of the spoils for La Union, who just managed to survive, finishing one point above the relegation zone.
Celta Vigo were the big winners on the night, managing to beat the champions Barcelona 2-1 to move onto 43 points, while Cadiz's 1-1 draw against Elche was enough to keep them in the league, and the Yellow Submarine have finished in 14th position.
Real Valladolid secured a return to La Liga by finishing second in the Segunda Division last season, but they have been unable to make it successive campaigns back at the top level.
Paulo Pezzolano's side won 11, drew seven and lost 20 of their 38 matches, with only basement side Elche suffering more defats (23) over the course of the campaign.
Incredibly, there were only three points between Real Valladolid and 13th-placed Celta Vigo, while Valencia have survived on 42 points, two points above the relegation zone.
Relegation for Valencia would have been comfortably the biggest story on the final day, but Los Che have managed to keep themselves above the bottom three.
Earlier in the day, Real Madrid's 1-1 draw against Athletic Bilbao proved enough for them to keep hold of second, while Atletico Madrid finished third, six points above fourth-placed Real Sociedad.
Villarreal and Real Betis have finished in fifth and sixth respectively to secure Europa League football during the 2023-24 campaign.
Meanwhile, Osasuna won the battle for seventh on the final matchday, with the Copa del Rey finalists finishing two points clear of eighth-placed Athletic.