The Manchester City striker ended his five-game scoring drought after breaking the deadlock at the Ullevaal Stadion from the penalty spot.
But Steve Clarke's side stunned the hosts with two quickfire goals in the 87th and 89th minute to steal the three points.
It leaves Haaland to potentially once again miss out on playing in a major international tournament with Norway picking up just one point from a possible nine.
And following the heartbreaking defeat, the 22-year-old was in no mood to stick around.
In footage shared by the Daily Mail, fans could be seen outside Norway's stadium where they chanted Haaland's name in hope he would sign shirts and take pictures.
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But the ex-Borussia Dortmund marksman appeared to just walk onto the team bus - putting up his right hand to wave to the crowd.
Upon realisation they wouldn't be meeting their hero, the fans' cheers turned to jeers as they loudly booed the centre-forward.
Norway's defeat to Scotland coincided with Haaland coming off late in the second half when they were on top.
Boss Stale Solbakken has revealed that the player asked to be substituted, with Haaland withdrawn in the 84th minute.
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Solbakken said: "He asked to be changed. We kept him on the pitch 10-12 minutes longer.
"In the last few minutes he was on the field, we played with one less man. He was completely empty.
"He has only played 60 minutes several times before.
"We're talking about it being 30 degrees, it's applied. He ran out of steam."