The Liverpool star curled in an effort in the 63rd minute in the 2-0 win against nine-man Cape Verde but concern quickly grew for the forward.
Debate has raged over whether Mane should have remained on the pitch having suffered a nasty blow to the head moments earlier.
He collided with Cape Verde goalkeeper Vozinha, who rushed out of his area to chase a 50-50 ball, and both players were left shaken afterwards.
Vozinha was unsteady on his feet after the incident but to add insult to injury, was sent off for his part in the collision.
Mane appeared to be okay to continue despite the fact his head hit the ground after the coming together.
He then fired Senegal in front, the goal eventually being awarded after a lengthy VAR check. But Mane was then substituted as he went down just before play restarted.
Mane was subsequently taken to nearest hospital as a precaution, with Vozinha also going to A&E to check on his opponent.
The pair posed for a photo with the caption, which Mane uploaded to Instagram with the caption: "Senegal vs Cape Verde in the pitch [and] in the hospital," while thanking fans who checked on his well being for their messages.
Mane's replacement, Bamba Dieng, scored Senegal's second in stoppage-time.
Earlier, Patrick Andrade was sent off in the first half for a late tackle on Senegal and Paris Saint-Germain midfielder Idrissa Gana Gueye following a VAR check.
Senegal will face the winner of the Mali vs Equatorial Guinea clash in the last eight on Sunday.