The 24-year-old Paris Saint-Germain forward takes over from goalkeeper Hugo Lloris, who joined striker Karim Benzema and defender Raphael Varane in announcing his international retirement following France's World Cup final defeat to Argentina at the end of last year.
World Cup Golden Boot winner Mbappe is expected to operate on the left side of attack, with Bayern Munich's Kingsley Coman potentially getting the nod on the opposite flank, while new vice-captain Antoine Griezmann could start in the number 10 role behind either Olivier Giroud or Randal Kolo Muani.
Deschamps initially called up William Saliba and Wesley Fofana to his 23-man squad, but the defensive duo have been forced to withdraw due to injury, with Axel Disasi and Jean-Clair Todibo taking their places.
Todibo is one of three uncapped players in the France squad along with Nice teammate Khephren Thuram and Lens goalkeeper Brice Samba, and all three will be in contention to make their debut on Friday.
Samba is set to battle with Alphonse Areola and Mike Maignan for the number one jersey, with the latter expected to start against the Netherlands, while the retirement of Varane will likely see Todibo, Disasi and Ibrahima Konate compete for a starting spot at centre-back alongside Dayot Upamecano.
Benjamin Pavard was forced to settle for a back-up role at the World Cup, despite starting the opening group game, and the Bayern Munich right-back may continue as understudy to Jules Kounde on Friday, while Theo Hernandez is expected to retain his place at left-back.
In the absence of Paul Pogba and N'Golo Kante, Aurelien Tchouameni and Adrien Rabiot are the most likely candidates to start in centre-midfield ahead of Youssouf Fofana and Jordan Veretout.
France possible starting lineup: Maignan; Kounde, Konate, Upamecano, Hernandez; Tchouameni, Rabiot; Coman, Griezmann, Mbappe; Giroud
Brentford 
Arsenal 
Rangers 
Celtic 
Inter 
Atalanta 
Nacional 
FC Porto 
Juventus 
AC Milan 
Valencia 
Real Madrid 
Tottenham 
Newcastle 
Aston Villa 
Leicester 
Bournemouth 
Everton 
Crystal Palace 
Chelsea 
Manchester City 
West Ham 
Almeria 
Sevilla 
Fiorentina 
Napoli 
Bordeaux 
Brighton 
Benfica 
SC Braga 
Barcelona 
Amiens 
Verona 
Udinese 
Lyon 
Montpellier 
Marbella FC 
Atletico Madrid 
Bayer Leverkusen 
Rot-Weiss Oberhausen 
Hibernian 
VFB Stuttgart 
Ajax 
Eintracht Frankfurt 
FSV Mainz 05 
ST Mirren 
Liverpool 
Manchester Utd 
Paris Saint Germain 
Monaco 
Marseille 
Le Havre 
Roma 
Lazio