The Manchester United legend is back in England after his departure from MLS side DC United, who he managed for just over a year.
His arrival at Birmingham was confirmed earlier in the month after they decided to dismiss John Eustace.
Rooney's touchline debut for the Blues saw him come up against a Middlesbrough side led by former United teammate Michael Carrick.
It looked as though they were going to leave the Riverside Stadium with a point to continue their solid start in the Championship.
However, a late goal from Morgan Rogers ensured Middlesbrough won all three points and left Birmingham empty handed.
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The result means Rooney and co. have now dropped out of the Championship play-off spots, with Southampton overtaking them.
Eustace guided them to 6th in the table with five wins from their first 11 matches before his dismissal.
Rooney is now in his third stint as a manager following his illustrious career as a player.
He retired at Derby County and became their full-time boss following a stint as player-manager with the Rams.
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The former England striker kept them up at the end of the 2020/21 season but they were relegated to League One a year later.
Rooney then moved stateside to DC United for whom he spent just over a year at as a player.
However, after they failed to qualify for the MLS play-offs for the second consecutive season, he and the club agreed to part ways.